Taking the question as asked, rather than the general version of it. The honest range is roughly 20 to 40% of total loss as lean mass without deliberate resistance training, and roughly 10 to 20% with it plus adequate protein. Both numbers need a caveat that matters: "lean mass" on a DEXA is not muscle. It includes water, glycogen and the lean fraction of organs, and glycogen alone carries about three grams of water per gram. A large early lean drop is mostly the glycogen and water going, which is why the first scan flatters and the second is the honest one.

labquiet_amy said:

The honest range is roughly 20 to 40% of total loss as lean mass without deliberate resistance training, and roughly 10 to 20% with it plus adequate…

Right, and protein targets should be set on a reference weight rather than current weight. Setting 1.6 g/kg on a starting weight of 130kg produces a target nobody hits on a suppressed appetite.

sarah_TO said:

Two DEXA scans eleven months apart: down 24kg total, of which the scan says 6kg was lean.

Same position here, arrived at the long way round. There is also a quality change that the scan cannot see. Weight loss shifts fiber-type distribution toward Type I and improves mitochondrial density and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake per fiber — so the muscle you keep is metabolically better even though there is less of it. That does not make the loss irrelevant, but it explains why function often holds up better than the number suggests.

Adding the clinical framing, because it changes how the question reads.

My endo's protocol for lean mass plateau: if weight loss stalls for 6+ weeks at current dose, we go through this checklist before titrating up:

1. Food diary review — is intake creeping up?
2. Protein check — minimum 100g/day
3. Activity audit — steps + resistance training
4. Sleep quality — poor sleep kills GLP-1 efficacy
5. Stress/cortisol management

Only after addressing all of these do we increase the dose. Often fixing one lifestyle factor restarts progress without needing more medication.